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Biography : Dr. Shaibal Gupta is from the Asian Development Research Institute (ADRI), India. ADRI is an NGO working on social science research and literacy. They are working in the most backward region of the country, called the state of Bihar. By profession he is an economist but he gradually became involved with development issues in the second most populous state of the Indian Union. Thus literacy has become the key agenda for him. Synopsis : (Mr. Gupta wrote his presentation in conjunction with Mr. Sharma.) They discussed in details the country profile and the kind of literacy programes in the pre and post independence period.In this connection they emphasised the current strategy of National Literacy Mission,the apex body of Government of India.They graphically discussed the transition of strategy from Centre based model to Campaign mode.Incidentally the centre based model entailed dissemination of literacy through paid Instructors.This had little impact on the program. Thus, keeping in view the dramatic and successful experience of Ernakulum district in Kerala, a campaign mode was adoped which entailed galvanising civil society with regular Interface with the state without any financial compensation. This resulted in the launching of Total Literacy Projects all over the country with the objective of making 100 million adult illiterates in the 15-35 age group functionally literate by 2005. Outline
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