Auerbach, E.R., et al. (1993). Bilingual Community Literacy Training Project: Final Report. Boston: University of Massachusetts.

Brannaman, L. (1993). Native language literacy instruction. NCLE Minibib. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education.

Burtoff, M. (1985). Haitian Creole Literacy Evaluation Study Final Report. 31 pp. (ED 277 273). The findings of this Center for Applied Linguistics study of Haitian adult students reveal that those who received native language literacy instruction developed English proficiency literacy skills comparable to and greater than those receiving only second language instruction.

Civan, M. B. (1994). The Haitians, their history and culture. A basic introduction to the people, history, and culture of Haiti. Designed primary for service providers and others assisting refugees in their new communities in the United States.

Gillespie, M. (1995). Native language literacy instruction for adults: Patterns, issues, and promises. Washington, DC and Philadelphia: Center for Applied Linguistics and National Center on Adult Literacy.

Giroux, H.A. (1987). In P. Freire & D. Macedo (Eds.), Literacy: Reading the word and the world. Granby, MA:Bergin and Garvey.

Haitian Multi-Service Center, Sharing What Works: Video Discussion Guide: Native Language Literacy. Available through the Center for Applied Linguistics, 1118 22nd St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, Phone: 202-429-9292.

Hakuta, K. (1990). Bilingualism and bilingual education: A research perspective. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse on Bilingual Education.

Pacio-Lindin, D. (1991). Biliterate immigrants in a community setting. 24 pp. (ED 331 331) The author stresses the significance of student motivation in pursuing native language and ESL literacy, using the model of a New York City biliteracy program that built on student aspirations of starting small, community businesses.

Rivera, K. (1990). Developing native language literacy in language minority adults. ERIC Digest. 2 pp. (ed 358 747) Rivera discusses the importance of instruction in native language literacy before, or in conjunction with, second language instruction for adult students not literate in their native language. The cognitive and socio-cultural aspects of native language literacy are explored, along with instructional and program models.

Terdy, D., & Spener, D. (1990). English literacy and other requirements of the amnesty program. Q&A. Washington, D.C: National Clearinghouse on Literacy Education. (Citations with ED numbers are documents from Resources in Education and can be obtained from ERIC, 7420 Fullerton Road, Suite 110, Springfield, VA 22153-2852. Phone: 800-443-3742.)

Video Resources

The video clips and stills in this Literacy Project discussion are adapted from the following:

"Sharing what works: The Haitian Multi Service Center, Boston, Massachusetts: Native language literacy" [video] (1993). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

World Wide Web Resources

Home page of the Haitian Multi Service Center:
http://www2.wgbh.org/mbcweis/ltc/hmsc/frontdoor.htm

Haiti's Home Page:
http://www.haitifocus.com/haitie/haitie.htm

The World Bank Group: Haiti Country Brief:
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/offrep/lac/ht2.htm

Haiti: Basic Social and Economic Indicators:
http://www.igc.apc.org/wohaiti/reports/indicators.html

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